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target="_self"><span>响应式表单</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/forms" title="使用指令和 Angular 模板语法创建模板驱动表单。" target="_self"><span>模板驱动表单</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/form-validation" title="验证用户的表单输入" target="_self"><span>表单验证</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/dynamic-form" title="使用 FormGroup 渲染动态表单。" target="_self"><span>动态表单</span></a></div></aio-nav-item></div></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><button type="button" 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库</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/observables-in-angular" title="" target="_self"><span>Angular 中的可观察对象</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/practical-observable-usage" title="" target="_self"><span>用法实战</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/comparing-observables" title="" target="_self"><span>与其它技术的比较</span></a></div></aio-nav-item></div></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><button type="button" class="vertical-menu-item heading level-2 expanded selected ng-star-inserted" title="Angular 中的模块" aria-pressed="true"><span>NgModules</span><mat-icon role="img" svgicon="keyboard_arrow_right" class="mat-icon notranslate rotating-icon mat-icon-no-color" aria-hidden="true"><svg focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8.59 16.34l4.58-4.59-4.58-4.59L10 5.75l6 6-6 6z"></path></svg></mat-icon></button><div class="heading-children level-2 expanded selected"><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/ngmodules" title="使用 NgModule 让你的应用更高效" target="_self"><span>NgModule 简介</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/ngmodule-vs-jsmodule" title="JavaScript 模块和 NgModule 之间的差异" target="_self"><span>JS 模块 vs NgModule</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/bootstrapping" title="告诉 Angular 如何在根 &quot;AppModule&quot; 中构造和引导应用。" target="_self"><span>应用的根模块</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/frequent-ngmodules" title="介绍最常用的 NgModule" target="_self"><span>常用模块</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/module-types" title="介绍特性模块的几种类型" target="_self"><span>特性模块的分类</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/entry-components" title="关于 Angular 中入口组件的一切" target="_self"><span>入口组件</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/feature-modules" title="创建特性模块，以组织你的代码" target="_self"><span>特性模块</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/providers" title="服务提供商与 NgModule" target="_self"><span>服务提供商</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/singleton-services" title="创建单例服务" target="_self"><span>单例服务</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 expanded selected ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/lazy-loading-ngmodules" title="惰性加载模块，以提高应用的性能" target="_self"><span>惰性加载的特性模块</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/sharing-ngmodules" title="共享 NgModule 让你的应用现代化。" target="_self"><span>共享 NgModule</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/ngmodule-api" title="理解 NgModule 的那些细节。" target="_self"><span>NgModule API</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/ngmodule-faq" title="回答关于 NgModules 的常见问题。" target="_self"><span>NgModule 常见问题</span></a></div></aio-nav-item></div></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><button type="button" class="vertical-menu-item heading level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" title="依赖注入：创建并注入各种服务。" aria-pressed="false"><span>依赖注入</span><mat-icon role="img" svgicon="keyboard_arrow_right" class="mat-icon notranslate rotating-icon mat-icon-no-color" aria-hidden="true"><svg focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8.59 16.34l4.58-4.59-4.58-4.59L10 5.75l6 6-6 6z"></path></svg></mat-icon></button><div class="heading-children level-2 collapsed"><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/dependency-injection" title="Angular 的依赖注入系统能够为 Angular 创建的类创建并交付它们所依赖的服务。" target="_self"><span>Angular 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level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/dependency-injection-navtree" title="使用注入器树来查找父组件。" target="_self"><span>浏览组件树</span></a></div></aio-nav-item></div></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/http" title="通过 HTTP 协议与远程服务器对话。" target="_self"><span>HttpClient</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/router" title="揭示如何通过 Angular 路由进行基本的屏幕导航。" target="_self"><span>路由与导航</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><button type="button" class="vertical-menu-item heading level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" title="Angular 动画系统指南" aria-pressed="false"><span>动画</span><mat-icon role="img" svgicon="keyboard_arrow_right" class="mat-icon notranslate rotating-icon mat-icon-no-color" aria-hidden="true"><svg focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8.59 16.34l4.58-4.59-4.58-4.59L10 5.75l6 6-6 6z"></path></svg></mat-icon></button><div class="heading-children level-2 collapsed"><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/animations" title="Angular 动画的基础技术。" target="_self"><span>简介</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/transition-and-triggers" title="转场与触发器的高级技术。" target="_self"><span>转场与触发器</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/complex-animation-sequences" title="复杂的 Angular 动画序列。" target="_self"><span>复杂序列</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/reusable-animations" title="创建可复用的动画。" target="_self"><span>可复用动画</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/route-animations" title="为路由提供转场动画。" target="_self"><span>路由转场动画</span></a></div></aio-nav-item></div></div></aio-nav-item></div></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><button type="button" class="vertical-menu-item heading level-1 collapsed ng-star-inserted" title="把 Angular 用到你的实际工作中的一些技巧" aria-pressed="false"><span>其它技术</span><mat-icon role="img" svgicon="keyboard_arrow_right" class="mat-icon notranslate rotating-icon mat-icon-no-color" aria-hidden="true"><svg focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8.59 16.34l4.58-4.59-4.58-4.59L10 5.75l6 6-6 6z"></path></svg></mat-icon></button><div class="heading-children level-1 collapsed"><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/security" title="Angular 应用开发中的安全技术。" target="_self"><span>安全</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/i18n" title="把应用模板中的文本翻译成多种语言。" target="_self"><span>国际化（i18n）</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/accessibility" title="设计能被所有用户访问的应用" target="_self"><span>无障碍（a11y）</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><button type="button" class="vertical-menu-item heading level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" title="Angular Service Worker: 控制应用资源的缓存。" aria-pressed="false"><span>Service Worker 与 PWA</span><mat-icon role="img" svgicon="keyboard_arrow_right" class="mat-icon notranslate rotating-icon mat-icon-no-color" aria-hidden="true"><svg focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8.59 16.34l4.58-4.59-4.58-4.59L10 5.75l6 6-6 6z"></path></svg></mat-icon></button><div class="heading-children level-2 collapsed"><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/service-worker-intro" title="Angular 对 Service Worker 的实现提升了慢速或不稳定的网络连接下的用户体验。" target="_self"><span>简介</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/service-worker-getting-started" title="在 CLI 项目中启用 Service Worker，并在浏览器中查看效果。" target="_self"><span>快速上手</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/app-shell" title="在 CLI 项目中启用应用外壳。" target="_self"><span>应用外壳</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/service-worker-communications" title="那些能让你和 Angular 的 Service Worker 通讯的服务类。" target="_self"><span>与 Service Worker 通讯</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/service-worker-devops" title="使用 Service Worker 运行应用、管理应用更新、调试以及杀掉正在运行的应用。" target="_self"><span>生产环境下的 Service Worker</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/service-worker-config" title="配置 Service Worker 的缓存行为。" target="_self"><span>Service Worker 配置</span></a></div></aio-nav-item></div></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/universal" title="使用 Angular Universal 在服务端渲染 HTML。" target="_self"><span>服务端渲染</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><button type="button" class="vertical-menu-item heading level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" title="把 AngularJS 应用增量式的升级到 Angular。" aria-pressed="false"><span>从 AngularJS 升级</span><mat-icon role="img" svgicon="keyboard_arrow_right" class="mat-icon notranslate rotating-icon mat-icon-no-color" aria-hidden="true"><svg focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8.59 16.34l4.58-4.59-4.58-4.59L10 5.75l6 6-6 6z"></path></svg></mat-icon></button><div class="heading-children level-2 collapsed"><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/upgrade" title="把 AngularJS 应用增量式的升级到 Angular。" target="_self"><span>升级步骤</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/upgrade-performance" title="用更灵活的方式把 AngularJS 升级到 Angular。" target="_self"><span>更关注性能的升级方式</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/ajs-quick-reference" title="学习如何把 AngularJS 的概念映射到 Angular 中。" target="_self"><span>AngularJS 与 Angular 的概念对照</span></a></div></aio-nav-item></div></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><button type="button" class="vertical-menu-item heading level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" title="使用共享库扩展 Angular" aria-pressed="false"><span>开发 Angular 库</span><mat-icon role="img" svgicon="keyboard_arrow_right" class="mat-icon notranslate rotating-icon mat-icon-no-color" aria-hidden="true"><svg focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8.59 16.34l4.58-4.59-4.58-4.59L10 5.75l6 6-6 6z"></path></svg></mat-icon></button><div class="heading-children level-2 collapsed"><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/libraries" title="理解何时以及如何使用和创建库。" target="_self"><span>库概览</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/using-libraries" title="把已发布的库集成进你的应用中。" target="_self"><span>使用已发布的库</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/creating-libraries" title="通过创建、发布和使用你自己的库来扩展 Angular。" target="_self"><span>创建库</span></a></div></aio-nav-item></div></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><button type="button" class="vertical-menu-item heading level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" title="理解原理图" aria-pressed="false"><span>原理图（Schematic）</span><mat-icon role="img" svgicon="keyboard_arrow_right" class="mat-icon notranslate rotating-icon mat-icon-no-color" aria-hidden="true"><svg focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8.59 16.34l4.58-4.59-4.58-4.59L10 5.75l6 6-6 6z"></path></svg></mat-icon></button><div class="heading-children level-2 collapsed"><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/schematics" title="理解 Angular 如何使用原理图。" target="_self"><span>原理图概览</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/schematics-authoring" title="理解原理图的结构。" target="_self"><span>制作原理图</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/schematics-for-libraries" title="使用原理图来把你的库集成进 Angular CLI 中。" target="_self"><span>库的原理图</span></a></div></aio-nav-item></div></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/cli-builder" title="使用构建器定制 Angular CLI。" target="_self"><span>CLI 构建器</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/web-worker" title="在 Angular CLI 中使用 Web Worker。" target="_self"><span>Web Worker</span></a></div></aio-nav-item></div></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><button type="button" class="vertical-menu-item heading level-1 collapsed ng-star-inserted" title="关于构建、测试和部署的信息" aria-pressed="false"><span>开发工作流</span><mat-icon role="img" svgicon="keyboard_arrow_right" class="mat-icon notranslate rotating-icon mat-icon-no-color" aria-hidden="true"><svg focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8.59 16.34l4.58-4.59-4.58-4.59L10 5.75l6 6-6 6z"></path></svg></mat-icon></button><div class="heading-children level-1 collapsed"><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><button type="button" class="vertical-menu-item heading level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" title="理解 AOT 预先编译器。" aria-pressed="false"><span>AOT 预先编译器</span><mat-icon role="img" svgicon="keyboard_arrow_right" class="mat-icon notranslate rotating-icon mat-icon-no-color" aria-hidden="true"><svg focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8.59 16.34l4.58-4.59-4.58-4.59L10 5.75l6 6-6 6z"></path></svg></mat-icon></button><div class="heading-children level-2 collapsed"><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/aot-compiler" title="学习为何以及如何使用预先编译器。" target="_self"><span>预先编译</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/angular-compiler-options" title="配置 AOT 编译。" target="_self"><span>Angular 编译器选项</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/aot-metadata-errors" title="解决 AOT 编译错误。" target="_self"><span>AOT 元数据错误</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/template-typecheck" title="Angular 中的模板类型检查。" target="_self"><span>模板类型检查</span></a></div></aio-nav-item></div></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/build" title="构建应用及为应用启动开发服务器。" target="_self"><span>构建与运行</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/bazel" title="如何配置你的环境，以利用 Bazel 进行构建和测试。" target="_self"><span>使用 Bazel 进行构建</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/testing" title="测试 Angular 应用的技巧与实践。" target="_self"><span>测试</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/deployment" title="了解如何部署 Angular 应用。" target="_self"><span>发布</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><button type="button" class="vertical-menu-item heading level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" title="与开发环境和工具集成起来" aria-pressed="false"><span>开发工具集成</span><mat-icon role="img" svgicon="keyboard_arrow_right" class="mat-icon notranslate rotating-icon mat-icon-no-color" aria-hidden="true"><svg focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8.59 16.34l4.58-4.59-4.58-4.59L10 5.75l6 6-6 6z"></path></svg></mat-icon></button><div class="heading-children level-2 collapsed"><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/language-service" title="使用 Angular 语言服务加速开发。" target="_self"><span>语言服务</span></a></div></aio-nav-item></div></div></aio-nav-item></div></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><button type="button" class="vertical-menu-item heading level-1 collapsed ng-star-inserted" title="工作空间与项目的结构，及其配置文件。" aria-pressed="false"><span>配置</span><mat-icon role="img" svgicon="keyboard_arrow_right" class="mat-icon notranslate rotating-icon mat-icon-no-color" aria-hidden="true"><svg focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8.59 16.34l4.58-4.59-4.58-4.59L10 5.75l6 6-6 6z"></path></svg></mat-icon></button><div class="heading-children level-1 collapsed"><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/file-structure" title="Angular 工作区在文件系统中是怎样的。" target="_self"><span>项目文件结构</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/workspace-config" title="&quot;angular.json&quot; 包含供 CLI 命令使用的工作区和项目默认配置。" target="_self"><span>工作区配置</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/npm-packages" title="开发期间和运行期间所需的 npm 包的说明。" target="_self"><span>npm 包</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/typescript-configuration" title="给 Angular 开发者的 TypeScript 配置。" target="_self"><span>TypeScript 配置</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/browser-support" title="浏览器支持与腻子脚本指南。" target="_self"><span>浏览器支持</span></a></div></aio-nav-item></div></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><button type="button" class="vertical-menu-item heading level-1 collapsed ng-star-inserted" title="Angular 的版本发布实践、更新与升级。" aria-pressed="false"><span>发布信息</span><mat-icon role="img" svgicon="keyboard_arrow_right" class="mat-icon notranslate rotating-icon mat-icon-no-color" aria-hidden="true"><svg focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8.59 16.34l4.58-4.59-4.58-4.59L10 5.75l6 6-6 6z"></path></svg></mat-icon></button><div class="heading-children level-1 collapsed"><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/updating" title="如何把 Angular 应用和库升级到最新版本。" target="_self"><span>保持最新</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/releases" title="Angular 的版本、发布、支持、弃用策略及实践。" target="_self"><span>发布实践</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/updating-to-version-9" title="支持把你的应用从 8 升级到 9。" target="_self"><span>升级到第 9 版</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/deprecations" title="弃用的 Angular API 和特性汇总。" target="_self"><span>弃用清单</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/ivy" title="关于 Angular Ivy 的编译与渲染管道。" target="_self"><span>Angular Ivy</span></a></div></aio-nav-item></div></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><button type="button" class="vertical-menu-item heading level-1 collapsed ng-star-inserted" title="Angular 语法、编码、术语汇总。" aria-pressed="false"><span>快捷手册</span><mat-icon role="img" svgicon="keyboard_arrow_right" class="mat-icon notranslate rotating-icon mat-icon-no-color" aria-hidden="true"><svg focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8.59 16.34l4.58-4.59-4.58-4.59L10 5.75l6 6-6 6z"></path></svg></mat-icon></button><div class="heading-children level-1 collapsed"><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/cheatsheet" title="关于 Angular 常用编码技术的快速指南。" target="_self"><span>速查表</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/styleguide" title="写出 Angular 风格的程序" target="_self"><span>风格指南</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/glossary" title="Angular 中最重要的词汇的简要定义。" target="_self"><span>词汇表</span></a></div></aio-nav-item></div></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><button type="button" class="vertical-menu-item heading level-1 collapsed ng-star-inserted" title="Angular CLI 命令参考手册。" aria-pressed="false"><span>CLI 命令</span><mat-icon role="img" svgicon="keyboard_arrow_right" class="mat-icon notranslate rotating-icon mat-icon-no-color" aria-hidden="true"><svg focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8.59 16.34l4.58-4.59-4.58-4.59L10 5.75l6 6-6 6z"></path></svg></mat-icon></button><div class="heading-children level-1 collapsed"><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="cli" title="CLI 工具介绍、命令、语法" target="_self"><span>概览</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="cli/usage-analytics-gathering" title="管理员如何从用户那里收集使用情况分析。" target="_self"><span>使用情况分析</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="cli/add" title="ng add." target="_self"><span>ng add</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="cli/analytics" title="ng analytics." target="_self"><span>ng analytics</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="cli/build" title="ng build." target="_self"><span>ng build</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="cli/config" title="ng config." target="_self"><span>ng config</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="cli/deploy" title="ng deploy." target="_self"><span>ng deploy</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="cli/doc" title="ng doc." target="_self"><span>ng doc</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="cli/e2e" title="ng e2e." target="_self"><span>ng e2e</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="cli/generate" title="ng generate." target="_self"><span>ng generate</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="cli/help" title="ng help." target="_self"><span>ng help</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="cli/lint" title="ng lint." target="_self"><span>ng lint</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="cli/new" title="ng new." target="_self"><span>ng new</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="cli/run" title="ng run." target="_self"><span>ng run</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="cli/serve" title="ng serve." target="_self"><span>ng serve</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="cli/test" title="ng test." target="_self"><span>ng test</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="cli/update" title="ng update." target="_self"><span>ng update</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="cli/version" title="ng version." target="_self"><span>ng version</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="cli/xi18n" title="ng xi18n." target="_self"><span>ng xi18n</span></a></div></aio-nav-item></div></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-1 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="api" title="关于 Angular 中类和值的详细信息。" target="_self"><span>API 参考手册</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="mat-divider ng-star-inserted" style="margin:4px 20px;border-top:1px solid #d3d3d3"></div></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-1 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="https://github.com/ng-docs/ng-docs.github.io/issues" title="github 上的中文互助问答区" target="_blank"><span>互助问答</span><mat-icon role="img" class="mat-icon notranslate material-icons mat-icon-no-color ng-star-inserted" aria-hidden="true">open_in_new</mat-icon></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-1 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="https://material.angular.cn" title="Angular Material 组件库的中文文档" target="_blank"><span>官方 Material 组件库</span><mat-icon role="img" class="mat-icon notranslate material-icons mat-icon-no-color ng-star-inserted" aria-hidden="true">open_in_new</mat-icon></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-1 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="https://ng.ant.design/" title="Ant Design 的 Angular 实现，服务于企业级后台产品。" target="_blank"><span>ng-zorro 组件库</span><mat-icon role="img" class="mat-icon notranslate material-icons mat-icon-no-color ng-star-inserted" aria-hidden="true">open_in_new</mat-icon></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-1 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="https://ng.mobile.ant.design/" title="Ant Design Mobile 的 Angular 实现，服务于无线产品。" target="_blank"><span>ng-zorro mobile 组件库</span><mat-icon role="img" class="mat-icon notranslate material-icons mat-icon-no-color ng-star-inserted" aria-hidden="true">open_in_new</mat-icon></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-1 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="https://flutter-io.cn/" title="Flutter 中文文档站" target="_blank"><span>友站：Flutter 中文</span><mat-icon role="img" class="mat-icon notranslate material-icons mat-icon-no-color ng-star-inserted" aria-hidden="true">open_in_new</mat-icon></a></div></aio-nav-item></aio-nav-menu><div class="doc-version ng-tns-c18-1"><aio-select><div class="form-select-menu"><button class="form-select-button"><span><strong></strong></span><span>stable (v9.0.0)</span></button></div></aio-select></div></div></mat-sidenav><div class="cdk-visually-hidden cdk-focus-trap-anchor" aria-hidden="true"></div><mat-sidenav-content cdkscrollable="" class="mat-drawer-content mat-sidenav-content ng-star-inserted" style="margin-left:261px"><main role="main" class="sidenav-content" id="guide-lazy-loading-ngmodules"><aio-mode-banner></aio-mode-banner><aio-doc-viewer class=""><div style="opacity:1"><div class="github-links"><a href="https://github.com/angular/angular-cn/edit/aio/aio/content/guide/lazy-loading-ngmodules.md?message=docs%3A%20请简述你的修改..." aria-label="提供编辑建议" title="提供编辑建议"><i class="material-icons" aria-hidden="true" role="img">mode_edit</i></a></div><div class="content"><h1 id="lazy-loading-feature-modules" translation-result="on">惰性加载的特性模块<a title="Link to this heading" class="header-link" aria-hidden="true" href="guide/lazy-loading-ngmodules#lazy-loading-feature-modules"><i class="material-icons">link</i></a></h1><aio-toc class="embedded" ng-version="9.0.0-rc.11"><div class="toc-inner no-print collapsed ng-star-inserted"><button type="button" title="Expand/collapse contents" aria-label="Expand/collapse contents" class="toc-heading embedded secondary ng-star-inserted" aria-pressed="false">目录<mat-icon role="img" svgicon="keyboard_arrow_right" class="mat-icon notranslate rotating-icon collapsed mat-icon-no-color" aria-hidden="true"><svg focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8.59 16.34l4.58-4.59-4.58-4.59L10 5.75l6 6-6 6z"></path></svg></mat-icon></button><ul class="toc-list embedded"><li class="h2 ng-star-inserted" title="高层视角"><a href="guide/lazy-loading-ngmodules#high-level-view">高层视角</a></li><li class="h2 ng-star-inserted" title="建立应用"><a href="guide/lazy-loading-ngmodules#set-up-an-app">建立应用</a></li><li class="h2 ng-star-inserted" title="创建一个带路由的特性模块"><a href="guide/lazy-loading-ngmodules#create-a-feature-module-with-routing">创建一个带路由的特性模块</a></li><li class="h3 secondary ng-star-inserted" title="添加另一个特性模块"><a href="guide/lazy-loading-ngmodules#add-another-feature-module">添加另一个特性模块</a></li><li class="h2 secondary ng-star-inserted" title="建立 UI"><a href="guide/lazy-loading-ngmodules#set-up-the-ui">建立 UI</a></li><li class="h2 secondary ng-star-inserted" title="导入与路由配置"><a href="guide/lazy-loading-ngmodules#imports-and-route-configuration">导入与路由配置</a></li><li class="h3 secondary ng-star-inserted" title="特性模块内部"><a href="guide/lazy-loading-ngmodules#inside-the-feature-module">特性模块内部</a></li><li class="h2 secondary ng-star-inserted" title="确认它工作正常"><a href="guide/lazy-loading-ngmodules#confirm-its-working">确认它工作正常</a></li><li class="h2 secondary ng-star-inserted" title="forRoot() 与 forChild()"><a href="guide/lazy-loading-ngmodules#forroot-and-forchild"><code>forRoot()</code> 与 <code>forChild()</code></a></li><li class="h2 secondary ng-star-inserted" title="更多关于 NgModule 和路由的知识"><a href="guide/lazy-loading-ngmodules#more-on-ngmodules-and-routing">更多关于 NgModule 和路由的知识</a></li></ul><button type="button" title="Expand/collapse contents" aria-label="Expand/collapse contents" class="toc-more-items embedded material-icons collapsed ng-star-inserted" aria-pressed="false"></button></div></aio-toc><h1 translation-origin="off" id="lazy-loading-feature-modules">Lazy-loading feature modules<a title="Link to this heading" class="header-link" aria-hidden="true" href="guide/lazy-loading-ngmodules#lazy-loading-feature-modules"><i class="material-icons">link</i></a></h1><h2 id="high-level-view" translation-result="on">高层视角<a title="Link to this heading" class="header-link" aria-hidden="true" href="guide/lazy-loading-ngmodules#high-level-view"><i class="material-icons">link</i></a></h2><h2 translation-origin="off" id="high-level-view">High level view<a title="Link to this heading" class="header-link" aria-hidden="true" href="guide/lazy-loading-ngmodules#high-level-view"><i class="material-icons">link</i></a></h2><p translation-result="on">默认情况下，NgModule 都是急性加载的，也就是说它会在应用加载时尽快加载，所有模块都是如此，无论是否立即要用。对于带有很多路由的大型应用，考虑使用惰性加载 —— 一种按需加载 NgModule 的模式。惰性加载可以减小初始包的尺寸，从而减少加载时间。</p><p translation-origin="off">By default, NgModules are eagerly loaded, which means that as soon as the app loads, so do all the NgModules, whether or not they are immediately necessary. For large apps with lots of routes, consider lazy loading—a design pattern that loads NgModules as needed. Lazy loading helps keep initial bundle sizes smaller, which in turn helps decrease load times.</p><p translation-result="on">如果需要本页描述的具有两个惰性加载模块的范例应用，参见<live-example ng-version="9.0.0-rc.11"><span style="display:none"></span><span><span class="ng-star-inserted"><a target="_blank" title="在线例子" href="generated/live-examples/lazy-loading-ngmodules/stackblitz.html">在线例子</a><span class="ng-star-inserted"> / <a download="" title="下载范例" href="generated/zips/lazy-loading-ngmodules/lazy-loading-ngmodules.zip">下载范例</a></span></span></span></live-example>。</p><p translation-origin="off">For the final sample app with two lazy-loaded modules that this page describes, see the<live-example ng-version="9.0.0-rc.11"><span style="display:none"></span><span><span class="ng-star-inserted"><a target="_blank" title="在线例子" href="generated/live-examples/lazy-loading-ngmodules/stackblitz.html">在线例子</a><span class="ng-star-inserted"> / <a download="" title="下载范例" href="generated/zips/lazy-loading-ngmodules/lazy-loading-ngmodules.zip">下载范例</a></span></span></span></live-example>.</p><p translation-result="on">建立惰性加载的特性模块有两个主要步骤：</p><p translation-origin="off">There are two main steps to setting up a lazy-loaded feature module:</p><ol><li><p translation-result="on">使用 <code>--route</code> 标志，用 CLI 创建特性模块。</p><p translation-origin="off">Create the feature module with the CLI, using the <code>--route</code> flag.</p></li><li><p translation-result="on">配置相关路由。</p><p translation-origin="off">Configure the routes.</p></li></ol><h2 id="set-up-an-app" translation-result="on">建立应用<a title="Link to this heading" class="header-link" aria-hidden="true" href="guide/lazy-loading-ngmodules#set-up-an-app"><i class="material-icons">link</i></a></h2><h2 translation-origin="off" id="set-up-an-app">Set up an app<a title="Link to this heading" class="header-link" aria-hidden="true" href="guide/lazy-loading-ngmodules#set-up-an-app"><i class="material-icons">link</i></a></h2><p translation-result="on">如果你还没有应用，可以遵循下面的步骤使用 CLI 创建一个。如果已经有了，可以直接跳到 <a href="guide/lazy-loading-ngmodules#config-routes">配置路由</a>部分。 输入下列命令，其中的 <code>customer-app</code> 表示你的应用名称：</p><p translation-origin="off">If you don’t already have an app, you can follow the steps below to create one with the CLI. If you already have an app, skip to <a href="guide/lazy-loading-ngmodules#config-routes">Configure the routes</a>. Enter the following command where <code>customer-app</code> is the name of your app:</p><code-example language="bash" ng-version="9.0.0-rc.11"><div style="display:none">ng new customer-app --routing</div><aio-code><pre class="lang-bash prettyprint">      <button title="Copy code snippet" class="material-icons copy-button no-print ng-star-inserted" aria-label="">
        <span aria-hidden="true">content_copy</span>
      </button>
      <code class="animated fadeIn"><span class="pln">ng new customer</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">app </span><span class="pun">--</span><span class="pln">routing</span></code>
    </pre></aio-code></code-example><p translation-result="on">这会创建一个名叫 <code>customer-app</code> 的应用，而 <code>--routing</code> 标识生成了一个名叫 <code>app-routing.module.ts</code> 的文件，它是你建立惰性加载的特性模块时所必须的。 输入命令 <code>cd customer-app</code> 进入该项目。</p><p translation-origin="off">This creates an app called <code>customer-app</code> and the <code>--routing</code> flag generates a file called <code>app-routing.module.ts</code>, which is one of the files you need for setting up lazy loading for your feature module. Navigate into the project by issuing the command <code>cd customer-app</code>.</p><div class="alert is-helpful"><p translation-result="on"><code>--routing</code> 选项需要 Angular/CLI 8.1 或更高版本。 请参阅<a href="guide/updating">保持最新</a>。</p><p translation-origin="off">The <code>--routing</code> option requires Angular/CLI version 8.1 or higher. See <a href="guide/updating">Keeping Up to Date</a>.</p></div><h2 id="create-a-feature-module-with-routing" translation-result="on">创建一个带路由的特性模块<a title="Link to this heading" class="header-link" aria-hidden="true" href="guide/lazy-loading-ngmodules#create-a-feature-module-with-routing"><i class="material-icons">link</i></a></h2><h2 translation-origin="off" id="create-a-feature-module-with-routing">Create a feature module with routing<a title="Link to this heading" class="header-link" aria-hidden="true" href="guide/lazy-loading-ngmodules#create-a-feature-module-with-routing"><i class="material-icons">link</i></a></h2><p translation-result="on">接下来，您将需要一个包含路由的目标组件的特性模块。 要创建它，在终端中输入如下命令，其中 <code>customers</code> 是特性模块的名称。加载 <code>customers</code> 特性模块的路径也是 <code>customers</code>，因为它是通过 <code>--route</code> 选项指定的：</p><p translation-origin="off">Next, you’ll need a feature module with a component to route to. To make one, enter the following command in the terminal, where <code>customers</code> is the name of the feature module. The path for loading the <code>customers</code> feature modules is also <code>customers</code> because it is specified with the <code>--route</code> option:</p><code-example language="bash" ng-version="9.0.0-rc.11"><div style="display:none">ng generate module customers --route customers --module app.module</div><aio-code><pre class="lang-bash prettyprint">      <button title="Copy code snippet" class="material-icons copy-button no-print ng-star-inserted" aria-label="">
        <span aria-hidden="true">content_copy</span>
      </button>
      <code class="animated fadeIn"><span class="pln">ng generate module customers </span><span class="pun">--</span><span class="pln">route customers </span><span class="pun">--</span><span class="pln">module app</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">module</span></code>
    </pre></aio-code></code-example><p translation-result="on">这将创建一个 <code>customers</code> 文件夹，在其 <code>customers.module.ts</code> 文件中定义了新的可惰性加载模块 <code>CustomersModule</code>。该命令会自动在新特性模块中声明 <code>CustomersComponent</code>。</p><p translation-origin="off">This creates a <code>customers</code> folder with the new lazy-loadable module <code>CustomersModule</code> defined in the <code>customers.module.ts</code> file. The command automatically declares the <code>CustomersComponent</code> inside the new feature module.</p><p translation-result="on">因为这个新模块想要惰性加载，所以该命令不会在应用的根模块 <code>app.module.ts</code> 中添加对新特性模块的引用。 相反，它将声明的路由 <code>customers</code> 添加到以 <code>--module</code> 选项指定的模块中声明的 <code>routes</code> 数组中。</p><p translation-origin="off">Because the new module is meant to be lazy-loaded, the command does NOT add a reference to the new feature module in the application's root module file, <code>app.module.ts</code>. Instead, it adds the declared route, <code>customers</code> to the <code>routes</code> array declared in the module provided as the <code>--module</code> option.</p><code-example header="src/app/app-routing.module.ts" path="lazy-loading-ngmodules/src/app/app-routing.module.ts" region="routes-customers" ng-version="9.0.0-rc.11"><div style="display:none">const routes: <a href="api/router/Routes" class="code-anchor">Routes</a> = [ { path: 'customers', <a href="api/router/Route#loadChildren" class="code-anchor">loadChildren</a>: () =&gt; import('./customers/customers.module').then(m =&gt; m.CustomersModule) } ];</div><header class="ng-star-inserted">src/app/app-routing.module.ts</header><aio-code class="headed-code"><pre class="lang- prettyprint">      <button title="Copy code snippet" class="material-icons copy-button no-print ng-star-inserted" aria-label="Copy code snippet from src/app/app-routing.module.ts">
        <span aria-hidden="true">content_copy</span>
      </button>
      <code class="animated fadeIn"><span class="kwd">const</span><span class="pln"> routes</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><a href="api/router/Routes" class="code-anchor"><span class="typ">Routes</span></a><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">[</span><span class="pln">
  </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln">
    path</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">'customers'</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln">
    </span><a href="api/router/Route#loadChildren" class="code-anchor"><span class="pln">loadChildren</span></a><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">()</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">=&gt;</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">import</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">'./customers/customers.module'</span><span class="pun">).</span><span class="kwd">then</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">m </span><span class="pun">=&gt;</span><span class="pln"> m</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="typ">CustomersModule</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
  </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">];</span></code>
    </pre></aio-code></code-example><p translation-result="on">注意，惰性加载语法使用 <code><a href="api/router/Route#loadChildren" class="code-anchor">loadChildren</a></code>，其后是一个使用浏览器内置的 <code>import('...')</code> 语法进行动态导入的函数。 其导入路径是到当前模块的相对路径。</p><p translation-origin="off">Notice that the lazy-loading syntax uses <code><a href="api/router/Route#loadChildren" class="code-anchor">loadChildren</a></code> followed by a function that uses the browser's built-in <code>import('...')</code> syntax for dynamic imports. The import path is the relative path to the module.</p><h3 id="add-another-feature-module" translation-result="on">添加另一个特性模块<a title="Link to this heading" class="header-link" aria-hidden="true" href="guide/lazy-loading-ngmodules#add-another-feature-module"><i class="material-icons">link</i></a></h3><h3 translation-origin="off" id="add-another-feature-module">Add another feature module<a title="Link to this heading" class="header-link" aria-hidden="true" href="guide/lazy-loading-ngmodules#add-another-feature-module"><i class="material-icons">link</i></a></h3><p translation-result="on">使用同样的命令创建第二个带路由的惰性加载特性模块及其桩组件。</p><p translation-origin="off">Use the same command to create a second lazy-loaded feature module with routing, along with its stub component.</p><code-example language="bash" ng-version="9.0.0-rc.11"><div style="display:none">ng generate module orders --route orders --module app.module</div><aio-code><pre class="lang-bash prettyprint">      <button title="Copy code snippet" class="material-icons copy-button no-print ng-star-inserted" aria-label="">
        <span aria-hidden="true">content_copy</span>
      </button>
      <code class="animated fadeIn"><span class="pln">ng generate module orders </span><span class="pun">--</span><span class="pln">route orders </span><span class="pun">--</span><span class="pln">module app</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">module</span></code>
    </pre></aio-code></code-example><p translation-result="on">这将创建一个名为 <code>orders</code> 的新文件夹，其中包含 <code>OrdersModule</code> 和 <code>OrdersRoutingModule</code> 以及新的 <code>OrdersComponent</code> 源文件。 使用 <code>--route</code> 选项指定的 <code>orders</code> 路由，用惰性加载语法添加到了 <code>app-routing.module.ts</code> 文件内的 <code>routes</code> 数组中。</p><p translation-origin="off">This creates a new folder called <code>orders</code> containing the <code>OrdersModule</code> and <code>OrdersRoutingModule</code>, along with the new <code>OrdersComponent</code> source files. The <code>orders</code> route, specified with the <code>--route</code> option, is added to the <code>routes</code> array inside the <code>app-routing.module.ts</code> file, using the lazy-loading syntax.</p><code-example header="src/app/app-routing.module.ts" path="lazy-loading-ngmodules/src/app/app-routing.module.ts" region="routes-customers-orders" ng-version="9.0.0-rc.11"><div style="display:none">const routes: <a href="api/router/Routes" class="code-anchor">Routes</a> = [ { path: 'customers', <a href="api/router/Route#loadChildren" class="code-anchor">loadChildren</a>: () =&gt; import('./customers/customers.module').then(m =&gt; m.CustomersModule) }, { path: 'orders', <a href="api/router/Route#loadChildren" class="code-anchor">loadChildren</a>: () =&gt; import('./orders/orders.module').then(m =&gt; m.OrdersModule) } ];</div><header class="ng-star-inserted">src/app/app-routing.module.ts</header><aio-code class="headed-code"><pre class="lang- prettyprint">      <button title="Copy code snippet" class="material-icons copy-button no-print ng-star-inserted" aria-label="Copy code snippet from src/app/app-routing.module.ts">
        <span aria-hidden="true">content_copy</span>
      </button>
      <code class="animated fadeIn"><span class="kwd">const</span><span class="pln"> routes</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><a href="api/router/Routes" class="code-anchor"><span class="typ">Routes</span></a><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">[</span><span class="pln">
  </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln">
    path</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">'customers'</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln">
    </span><a href="api/router/Route#loadChildren" class="code-anchor"><span class="pln">loadChildren</span></a><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">()</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">=&gt;</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">import</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">'./customers/customers.module'</span><span class="pun">).</span><span class="kwd">then</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">m </span><span class="pun">=&gt;</span><span class="pln"> m</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="typ">CustomersModule</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
  </span><span class="pun">},</span><span class="pln">
  </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln">
    path</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">'orders'</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln">
    </span><a href="api/router/Route#loadChildren" class="code-anchor"><span class="pln">loadChildren</span></a><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">()</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">=&gt;</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">import</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">'./orders/orders.module'</span><span class="pun">).</span><span class="kwd">then</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">m </span><span class="pun">=&gt;</span><span class="pln"> m</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="typ">OrdersModule</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
  </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">];</span></code>
    </pre></aio-code></code-example><h2 id="set-up-the-ui" translation-result="on">建立 UI<a title="Link to this heading" class="header-link" aria-hidden="true" href="guide/lazy-loading-ngmodules#set-up-the-ui"><i class="material-icons">link</i></a></h2><h2 translation-origin="off" id="set-up-the-ui">Set up the UI<a title="Link to this heading" class="header-link" aria-hidden="true" href="guide/lazy-loading-ngmodules#set-up-the-ui"><i class="material-icons">link</i></a></h2><p translation-result="on">虽然你也可以在地址栏中输入 URL，不过导航 UI 会更好用，也更常见。 把 <code>app.component.html</code> 中的占位脚本替换成一个自定义的导航，以便你在浏览器中能轻松地在模块之间导航。</p><p translation-origin="off">Though you can type the URL into the address bar, a navigation UI is easier for the user and more common. Replace the default placeholder markup in <code>app.component.html</code> with a custom nav so you can easily navigate to your modules in the browser:</p><code-example path="lazy-loading-ngmodules/src/app/app.component.html" header="app.component.html" region="app-component-template" ng-version="9.0.0-rc.11"><div style="display:none">&lt;h1&gt; {{title}} &lt;/h1&gt; &lt;button <a href="api/router/RouterLink" class="code-anchor">routerLink</a>="/customers"&gt;Customers&lt;/button&gt; &lt;button <a href="api/router/RouterLink" class="code-anchor">routerLink</a>="/orders"&gt;Orders&lt;/button&gt; &lt;button <a href="api/router/RouterLink" class="code-anchor">routerLink</a>=""&gt;Home&lt;/button&gt; &lt;<a href="api/router/RouterOutlet" class="code-anchor">router-outlet</a>&gt;&lt;/<a href="api/router/RouterOutlet" class="code-anchor">router-outlet</a>&gt;</div><header class="ng-star-inserted">app.component.html</header><aio-code class="headed-code"><pre class="lang- prettyprint">      <button title="Copy code snippet" class="material-icons copy-button no-print ng-star-inserted" aria-label="Copy code snippet from app.component.html">
        <span aria-hidden="true">content_copy</span>
      </button>
      <code class="animated fadeIn"><span class="tag">&lt;h1&gt;</span><span class="pln">
  {{title}}
</span><span class="tag">&lt;/h1&gt;</span><span class="pln">

</span><span class="tag">&lt;button</span><span class="pln"> </span><a href="api/router/RouterLink" class="code-anchor"><span class="atn">routerLink</span></a><span class="pun">=</span><span class="atv">"/customers"</span><span class="tag">&gt;</span><span class="pln">Customers</span><span class="tag">&lt;/button&gt;</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="tag">&lt;button</span><span class="pln"> </span><a href="api/router/RouterLink" class="code-anchor"><span class="atn">routerLink</span></a><span class="pun">=</span><span class="atv">"/orders"</span><span class="tag">&gt;</span><span class="pln">Orders</span><span class="tag">&lt;/button&gt;</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="tag">&lt;button</span><span class="pln"> </span><a href="api/router/RouterLink" class="code-anchor"><span class="atn">routerLink</span></a><span class="pun">=</span><span class="atv">""</span><span class="tag">&gt;</span><span class="pln">Home</span><span class="tag">&lt;/button&gt;</span><span class="pln">

</span><span class="tag">&lt;</span><a href="api/router/RouterOutlet" class="code-anchor"><span class="tag">router-outlet</span></a><span class="tag">&gt;&lt;/</span><a href="api/router/RouterOutlet" class="code-anchor"><span class="tag">router-outlet</span></a><span class="tag">&gt;</span></code>
    </pre></aio-code></code-example><p translation-result="on">要想在浏览器中看到你的应用，就在终端窗口中输入下列命令：</p><p translation-origin="off">To see your app in the browser so far, enter the following command in the terminal window:</p><code-example language="bash" ng-version="9.0.0-rc.11"><div style="display:none">ng serve</div><aio-code><pre class="lang-bash prettyprint">      <button title="Copy code snippet" class="material-icons copy-button no-print ng-star-inserted" aria-label="">
        <span aria-hidden="true">content_copy</span>
      </button>
      <code class="animated fadeIn"><span class="pln">ng serve</span></code>
    </pre></aio-code></code-example><p translation-result="on">然后，跳转到 <code>localhost:4200</code>，这时你应该看到 <code>customer-app</code> 和三个按钮。</p><p translation-origin="off">Then go to <code>localhost:4200</code> where you should see <code>customer-app</code> and three buttons.</p><div class="lightbox"><img src="generated/images/guide/lazy-loading-ngmodules/three-buttons.png" width="300" alt="three buttons in the browser"></div><p translation-result="on">这些按钮生效了，因为 CLI 会自动将特性模块的路由添加到 <code>app.module.ts</code> 中的 <code>routes</code> 数组中。</p><p translation-origin="off">These buttons work, because the CLI automatically added the routes to the feature modules to the <code>routes</code> array in <code>app.module.ts</code>.</p><a id="config-routes"></a><h2 id="imports-and-route-configuration" translation-result="on">导入与路由配置<a title="Link to this heading" class="header-link" aria-hidden="true" href="guide/lazy-loading-ngmodules#imports-and-route-configuration"><i class="material-icons">link</i></a></h2><h2 translation-origin="off" id="imports-and-route-configuration">Imports and route configuration<a title="Link to this heading" class="header-link" aria-hidden="true" href="guide/lazy-loading-ngmodules#imports-and-route-configuration"><i class="material-icons">link</i></a></h2><p translation-result="on">CLI 会将每个特性模块自动添加到应用级的路由映射表中。 通过添加默认路由来最终完成这些步骤。 在 <code>app-routing.module.ts</code> 文件中，使用如下命令更新 <code>routes</code> 数组：</p><p translation-origin="off">The CLI automatically added each feature module to the routes map at the application level. Finish this off by adding the default route. In the <code>app-routing.module.ts</code> file, update the <code>routes</code> array with the following:</p><code-example path="lazy-loading-ngmodules/src/app/app-routing.module.ts" id="app-routing.module.ts" region="const-routes" header="src/app/app-routing.module.ts" ng-version="9.0.0-rc.11"><div style="display:none">const routes: <a href="api/router/Routes" class="code-anchor">Routes</a> = [ { path: 'customers', <a href="api/router/Route#loadChildren" class="code-anchor">loadChildren</a>: () =&gt; import('./customers/customers.module').then(m =&gt; m.CustomersModule) }, { path: 'orders', <a href="api/router/Route#loadChildren" class="code-anchor">loadChildren</a>: () =&gt; import('./orders/orders.module').then(m =&gt; m.OrdersModule) }, { path: '', <a href="api/router/Route#redirectTo" class="code-anchor">redirectTo</a>: '', <a href="api/router/Route#pathMatch" class="code-anchor">pathMatch</a>: '<a href="api/core/Version#full" class="code-anchor">full</a>' } ];</div><header class="ng-star-inserted">src/app/app-routing.module.ts</header><aio-code class="headed-code"><pre class="lang- prettyprint">      <button title="Copy code snippet" class="material-icons copy-button no-print ng-star-inserted" aria-label="Copy code snippet from src/app/app-routing.module.ts">
        <span aria-hidden="true">content_copy</span>
      </button>
      <code class="animated fadeIn"><span class="kwd">const</span><span class="pln"> routes</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><a href="api/router/Routes" class="code-anchor"><span class="typ">Routes</span></a><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">[</span><span class="pln">
  </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln">
    path</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">'customers'</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln">
    </span><a href="api/router/Route#loadChildren" class="code-anchor"><span class="pln">loadChildren</span></a><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">()</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">=&gt;</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">import</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">'./customers/customers.module'</span><span class="pun">).</span><span class="kwd">then</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">m </span><span class="pun">=&gt;</span><span class="pln"> m</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="typ">CustomersModule</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
  </span><span class="pun">},</span><span class="pln">
  </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln">
    path</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">'orders'</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln">
    </span><a href="api/router/Route#loadChildren" class="code-anchor"><span class="pln">loadChildren</span></a><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">()</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">=&gt;</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">import</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">'./orders/orders.module'</span><span class="pun">).</span><span class="kwd">then</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">m </span><span class="pun">=&gt;</span><span class="pln"> m</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="typ">OrdersModule</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
  </span><span class="pun">},</span><span class="pln">
  </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln">
    path</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">''</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln">
    </span><a href="api/router/Route#redirectTo" class="code-anchor"><span class="pln">redirectTo</span></a><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">''</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln">
    </span><a href="api/router/Route#pathMatch" class="code-anchor"><span class="pln">pathMatch</span></a><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">'</span><a href="api/core/Version#full" class="code-anchor"><span class="str">full</span></a><span class="str">'</span><span class="pln">
  </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">];</span></code>
    </pre></aio-code></code-example><p translation-result="on">前两个路径是到 <code>CustomersModule</code> 和 <code>OrdersModule</code> 的路由。 最后一个条目则定义了默认路由。空路径匹配所有不匹配先前路径的内容。</p><p translation-origin="off">The first two paths are the routes to the <code>CustomersModule</code> and the <code>OrdersModule</code>. The final entry defines a default route. The empty path matches everything that doesn't match an earlier path.</p><h3 id="inside-the-feature-module" translation-result="on">特性模块内部<a title="Link to this heading" class="header-link" aria-hidden="true" href="guide/lazy-loading-ngmodules#inside-the-feature-module"><i class="material-icons">link</i></a></h3><h3 translation-origin="off" id="inside-the-feature-module">Inside the feature module<a title="Link to this heading" class="header-link" aria-hidden="true" href="guide/lazy-loading-ngmodules#inside-the-feature-module"><i class="material-icons">link</i></a></h3><p translation-result="on">接下来，仔细看看 <code>customers.module.ts</code> 文件。如果您使用的是 CLI，并按照此页面中的步骤进行操作，则无需在此处执行任何操作。</p><p translation-origin="off">Next, take a look at the <code>customers.module.ts</code> file. If you’re using the CLI and following the steps outlined in this page, you don’t have to do anything here.</p><code-example path="lazy-loading-ngmodules/src/app/customers/customers.module.ts" id="customers.module.ts" region="customers-module" header="src/app/customers/customers.module.ts" ng-version="9.0.0-rc.11"><div style="display:none">import { <a href="api/core/NgModule" class="code-anchor">NgModule</a> } from '@angular/core'; import { <a href="api/common/CommonModule" class="code-anchor">CommonModule</a> } from '@angular/common'; import { CustomersRoutingModule } from './customers-routing.module'; import { CustomersComponent } from './customers.component'; @<a href="api/core/NgModule" class="code-anchor">NgModule</a>({ imports: [ <a href="api/common/CommonModule" class="code-anchor">CommonModule</a>, CustomersRoutingModule ], declarations: [CustomersComponent] }) export class CustomersModule { }</div><header class="ng-star-inserted">src/app/customers/customers.module.ts</header><aio-code class="headed-code"><pre class="lang- prettyprint">      <button title="Copy code snippet" class="material-icons copy-button no-print ng-star-inserted" aria-label="Copy code snippet from src/app/customers/customers.module.ts">
        <span aria-hidden="true">content_copy</span>
      </button>
      <code class="animated fadeIn"><span class="kwd">import</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln"> </span><a href="api/core/NgModule" class="code-anchor"><span class="typ">NgModule</span></a><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">from</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">'@angular/core'</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">import</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln"> </span><a href="api/common/CommonModule" class="code-anchor"><span class="typ">CommonModule</span></a><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">from</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">'@angular/common'</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">import</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">CustomersRoutingModule</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">from</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">'./customers-routing.module'</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">import</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">CustomersComponent</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">from</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">'./customers.component'</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">

</span><span class="lit">@</span><a href="api/core/NgModule" class="code-anchor"><span class="lit">NgModule</span></a><span class="pun">({</span><span class="pln">
  imports</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">[</span><span class="pln">
    </span><a href="api/common/CommonModule" class="code-anchor"><span class="typ">CommonModule</span></a><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="typ">CustomersRoutingModule</span><span class="pln">
  </span><span class="pun">],</span><span class="pln">
  declarations</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">[</span><span class="typ">CustomersComponent</span><span class="pun">]</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">})</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">export</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">class</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">CustomersModule</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">}</span></code>
    </pre></aio-code></code-example><p translation-result="on"><code>customers.module.ts</code> 文件导入了 <code>customers-routing.module.ts</code> 和 <code>customers.component.ts</code> 文件。 <code>@<a href="api/core/NgModule" class="code-anchor">NgModule</a></code> 的 <code>imports</code> 数组中列出了 <code>CustomersRoutingModule</code> ，让 <code>CustomersModule</code> 可以访问它自己的路由模块。<code>CustomersComponent</code> 位于 <code>declarations</code> 数组中，这意味着 <code>CustomersComponent</code> 属于 <code>CustomersModule</code>。</p><p translation-origin="off">The <code>customers.module.ts</code> file imports the <code>customers-routing.module.ts</code> and <code>customers.component.ts</code> files. <code>CustomersRoutingModule</code> is listed in the <code>@<a href="api/core/NgModule" class="code-anchor">NgModule</a></code> <code>imports</code> array giving <code>CustomersModule</code> access to its own routing module. <code>CustomersComponent</code> is in the <code>declarations</code> array, which means <code>CustomersComponent</code> belongs to the <code>CustomersModule</code>.</p><p translation-result="on">然后，<code>app-routing.module.ts</code> 会使用 JavaScript 的动态导入功能来导入特性模块 <code>customers.module.ts</code>。</p><p translation-origin="off">The <code>app-routing.module.ts</code> then imports the feature module, <code>customers.module.ts</code> using JavaScript's dynamic import.</p><p translation-result="on">专属于特性模块的路由定义文件 <code>customers-routing.module.ts</code> 将导入在 <code>customers.component.ts</code> 文件中定义的自有特性组件，以及其它 JavaScript 导入语句。然后将空路径映射到 <code>CustomersComponent</code>。</p><p translation-origin="off">The feature-specific route definition file <code>customers-routing.module.ts</code> imports its own feature component defined in the <code>customers.component.ts</code> file, along with the other JavaScript import statements. It then maps the empty path to the <code>CustomersComponent</code>.</p><code-example path="lazy-loading-ngmodules/src/app/customers/customers-routing.module.ts" id="customers-routing.module.ts" region="customers-routing-module" header="src/app/customers/customers-routing.module.ts" ng-version="9.0.0-rc.11"><div style="display:none">import { <a href="api/core/NgModule" class="code-anchor">NgModule</a> } from '@angular/core'; import { <a href="api/router/Routes" class="code-anchor">Routes</a>, <a href="api/router/RouterModule" class="code-anchor">RouterModule</a> } from '@angular/router'; import { CustomersComponent } from './customers.component'; const routes: <a href="api/router/Routes" class="code-anchor">Routes</a> = [ { path: '', component: CustomersComponent } ]; @<a href="api/core/NgModule" class="code-anchor">NgModule</a>({ imports: [RouterModule.forChild(routes)], exports: [<a href="api/router/RouterModule" class="code-anchor">RouterModule</a>] }) export class CustomersRoutingModule { }</div><header class="ng-star-inserted">src/app/customers/customers-routing.module.ts</header><aio-code class="headed-code"><pre class="lang- prettyprint">      <button title="Copy code snippet" class="material-icons copy-button no-print ng-star-inserted" aria-label="Copy code snippet from src/app/customers/customers-routing.module.ts">
        <span aria-hidden="true">content_copy</span>
      </button>
      <code class="animated fadeIn"><span class="kwd">import</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln"> </span><a href="api/core/NgModule" class="code-anchor"><span class="typ">NgModule</span></a><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">from</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">'@angular/core'</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">import</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln"> </span><a href="api/router/Routes" class="code-anchor"><span class="typ">Routes</span></a><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> </span><a href="api/router/RouterModule" class="code-anchor"><span class="typ">RouterModule</span></a><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">from</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">'@angular/router'</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">

</span><span class="kwd">import</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">CustomersComponent</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">from</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">'./customers.component'</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">


</span><span class="kwd">const</span><span class="pln"> routes</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><a href="api/router/Routes" class="code-anchor"><span class="typ">Routes</span></a><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">[</span><span class="pln">
  </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln">
    path</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">''</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln">
    component</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">CustomersComponent</span><span class="pln">
  </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">];</span><span class="pln">

</span><span class="lit">@</span><a href="api/core/NgModule" class="code-anchor"><span class="lit">NgModule</span></a><span class="pun">({</span><span class="pln">
  imports</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">[</span><span class="typ">RouterModule</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">forChild</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">routes</span><span class="pun">)],</span><span class="pln">
  exports</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">[</span><a href="api/router/RouterModule" class="code-anchor"><span class="typ">RouterModule</span></a><span class="pun">]</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">})</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">export</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">class</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">CustomersRoutingModule</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">}</span></code>
    </pre></aio-code></code-example><p translation-result="on">这里的 <code>path</code> 设置为空字符串，因为 <code>AppRoutingModule</code> 中的路径已经设置为 <code>customers</code>，因此，<code>CustomersRoutingModule</code> 中的此路由已经位于 <code>customers</code> 这个上下文中。此路由模块中的每个路由都是其子路由。</p><p translation-origin="off">The <code>path</code> here is set to an empty string because the path in <code>AppRoutingModule</code> is already set to <code>customers</code>, so this route in the <code>CustomersRoutingModule</code>, is already within the <code>customers</code> context. Every route in this routing module is a child route.</p><p translation-result="on">另一个特性模块中路由模块的配置也类似。</p><p translation-origin="off">The other feature module's routing module is configured similarly.</p><code-example path="lazy-loading-ngmodules/src/app/orders/orders-routing.module.ts" id="orders-routing.module.ts" region="orders-routing-module-detail" header="src/app/orders/orders-routing.module.ts (excerpt)" ng-version="9.0.0-rc.11"><div style="display:none">import { OrdersComponent } from './orders.component'; const routes: <a href="api/router/Routes" class="code-anchor">Routes</a> = [ { path: '', component: OrdersComponent } ];</div><header class="ng-star-inserted">src/app/orders/orders-routing.module.ts (excerpt)</header><aio-code class="headed-code"><pre class="lang- prettyprint">      <button title="Copy code snippet" class="material-icons copy-button no-print ng-star-inserted" aria-label="Copy code snippet from src/app/orders/orders-routing.module.ts (excerpt)">
        <span aria-hidden="true">content_copy</span>
      </button>
      <code class="animated fadeIn"><span class="kwd">import</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">OrdersComponent</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">from</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">'./orders.component'</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">

</span><span class="kwd">const</span><span class="pln"> routes</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><a href="api/router/Routes" class="code-anchor"><span class="typ">Routes</span></a><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">[</span><span class="pln">
  </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln">
    path</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">''</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln">
    component</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">OrdersComponent</span><span class="pln">
  </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">];</span></code>
    </pre></aio-code></code-example><h2 id="confirm-its-working" translation-result="on">确认它工作正常<a title="Link to this heading" class="header-link" aria-hidden="true" href="guide/lazy-loading-ngmodules#confirm-its-working"><i class="material-icons">link</i></a></h2><h2 translation-origin="off" id="confirm-its-working">Confirm it’s working<a title="Link to this heading" class="header-link" aria-hidden="true" href="guide/lazy-loading-ngmodules#confirm-its-working"><i class="material-icons">link</i></a></h2><p translation-result="on">你可以使用 Chrome 开发者工具来确认一下这些模块真的是惰性加载的。 在 Chrome 中，按 <code>Cmd+Option+i</code>（Mac）或 <code>Ctrl+Shift+j</code>（PC），并选中 <code>Network</code> 页标签。</p><p translation-origin="off">You can check to see that a module is indeed being lazy loaded with the Chrome developer tools. In Chrome, open the dev tools by pressing <code>Cmd+Option+i</code> on a Mac or <code>Ctrl+Shift+j</code> on a PC and go to the Network Tab.</p><div class="lightbox"><img src="generated/images/guide/lazy-loading-ngmodules/network-tab.png" width="600" alt="lazy loaded modules diagram"></div><p translation-result="on">点击 Orders 或 Customers 按钮。如果你看到某个 chunk 文件出现了，就表示一切就绪，特性模块被惰性加载成功了。Orders 和 Customers 都应该出现一次 chunk，并且它们各自只应该出现一次。</p><p translation-origin="off">Click on the Orders or Customers button. If you see a chunk appear, everything is wired up properly and the feature module is being lazy loaded. A chunk should appear for Orders and for Customers but will only appear once for each.</p><div class="lightbox"><img src="generated/images/guide/lazy-loading-ngmodules/chunk-arrow.png" width="600" alt="lazy loaded modules diagram"></div><p translation-result="on">要想再次查看它或测试本项目后面的行为，只要点击 Network 页左上放的 <code>清除</code> 图标即可。</p><p translation-origin="off">To see it again, or to test after working in the project, clear everything out by clicking the circle with a line through it in the upper left of the Network Tab:</p><div class="lightbox"><img src="generated/images/guide/lazy-loading-ngmodules/clear.gif" width="200" alt="lazy loaded modules diagram"></div><p translation-result="on">然后，使用 <code>Cmd+r</code>（Mac） 或 <code>Ctrl+r</code>（PC） 重新加载页面。</p><p translation-origin="off">Then reload with <code>Cmd+r</code> or <code>Ctrl+r</code>, depending on your platform.</p><h2 id="forroot-and-forchild" translation-result="on"><code><a href="api/router/RouterModule#forRoot" class="code-anchor">forRoot()</a></code> 与 <code><a href="api/router/RouterModule#forChild" class="code-anchor">forChild()</a></code><a title="Link to this heading" class="header-link" aria-hidden="true" href="guide/lazy-loading-ngmodules#forroot-and-forchild"><i class="material-icons">link</i></a></h2><h2 translation-origin="off" id="forroot-and-forchild"><code><a href="api/router/RouterModule#forRoot" class="code-anchor">forRoot()</a></code> and <code><a href="api/router/RouterModule#forChild" class="code-anchor">forChild()</a></code><a title="Link to this heading" class="header-link" aria-hidden="true" href="guide/lazy-loading-ngmodules#forroot-and-forchild"><i class="material-icons">link</i></a></h2><p translation-result="on">你可能已经注意到了，CLI 会把 <code>RouterModule.forRoot(routes)</code> 添加到 <code>AppRoutingModule</code> 的 <code>imports</code> 数组中。 这会让 Angular 知道 <code>AppRoutingModule</code> 是一个路由模块，而 <code><a href="api/router/RouterModule#forRoot" class="code-anchor">forRoot()</a></code> 表示这是一个根路由模块。 它会配置你传入的所有路由、让你能访问路由器指令并注册 <code><a href="api/router/Router" class="code-anchor">Router</a></code>。 <code><a href="api/router/RouterModule#forRoot" class="code-anchor">forRoot()</a></code> 在应用中只应该使用一次，也就是这个 <code>AppRoutingModule</code> 中。</p><p translation-origin="off">You might have noticed that the CLI adds <code>RouterModule.forRoot(routes)</code> to the <code>AppRoutingModule</code> <code>imports</code> array. This lets Angular know that the <code>AppRoutingModule</code> is a routing module and <code><a href="api/router/RouterModule#forRoot" class="code-anchor">forRoot()</a></code> specifies that this is the root routing module. It configures all the routes you pass to it, gives you access to the router directives, and registers the <code><a href="api/router/Router" class="code-anchor">Router</a></code> service. Use <code><a href="api/router/RouterModule#forRoot" class="code-anchor">forRoot()</a></code> only once in the application, inside the <code>AppRoutingModule</code>.</p><p translation-result="on">CLI 还会把 <code>RouterModule.forChild(routes)</code> 添加到各个特性模块中。这种方式下 Angular 就会知道这个路由列表只负责提供额外的路由并且其设计意图是作为特性模块使用。你可以在多个模块中使用 <code><a href="api/router/RouterModule#forChild" class="code-anchor">forChild()</a></code>。</p><p translation-origin="off">The CLI also adds <code>RouterModule.forChild(routes)</code> to feature routing modules. This way, Angular knows that the route list is only responsible for providing additional routes and is intended for feature modules. You can use <code><a href="api/router/RouterModule#forChild" class="code-anchor">forChild()</a></code> in multiple modules.</p><p translation-result="on"><code><a href="api/router/RouterModule#forRoot" class="code-anchor">forRoot()</a></code> 方法为路由器管理<em>全局性的</em>注入器配置。 <code><a href="api/router/RouterModule#forChild" class="code-anchor">forChild()</a></code> 方法中没有注入器配置，只有像 <code><a href="api/router/RouterOutlet" class="code-anchor">RouterOutlet</a></code> 和 <code><a href="api/router/RouterLink" class="code-anchor">RouterLink</a></code> 这样的指令。 欲知详情，参见<a href="guide/singleton-services">单例服务</a>章的 <a href="guide/singleton-services#forRoot"><code>forRoot()</code> 模式</a>小节。</p><p translation-origin="off">The <code><a href="api/router/RouterModule#forRoot" class="code-anchor">forRoot()</a></code> method takes care of the <em>global</em> injector configuration for the Router. The <code><a href="api/router/RouterModule#forChild" class="code-anchor">forChild()</a></code> method has no injector configuration. It uses directives such as <code><a href="api/router/RouterOutlet" class="code-anchor">RouterOutlet</a></code> and <code><a href="api/router/RouterLink" class="code-anchor">RouterLink</a></code>. For more information, see the <a href="guide/singleton-services#forRoot"><code>forRoot()</code> pattern</a> section of the <a href="guide/singleton-services">Singleton Services</a> guide.</p><hr><h2 id="more-on-ngmodules-and-routing" translation-result="on">更多关于 NgModule 和路由的知识<a title="Link to this heading" class="header-link" aria-hidden="true" href="guide/lazy-loading-ngmodules#more-on-ngmodules-and-routing"><i class="material-icons">link</i></a></h2><h2 translation-origin="off" id="more-on-ngmodules-and-routing">More on NgModules and routing<a title="Link to this heading" class="header-link" aria-hidden="true" href="guide/lazy-loading-ngmodules#more-on-ngmodules-and-routing"><i class="material-icons">link</i></a></h2><p translation-result="on">你可能还对下列内容感兴趣：</p><p translation-origin="off">You may also be interested in the following:</p><ul><li><p translation-result="on"><a href="guide/router">路由与导航</a>。</p><p translation-origin="off"><a href="guide/router">Routing and Navigation</a>.</p></li><li><p translation-result="on"><a href="guide/providers">服务提供商</a>。</p><p translation-origin="off"><a href="guide/providers">Providers</a>.</p></li><li><p translation-result="on"><a href="guide/module-types">特性模块的分类</a>。</p><p translation-origin="off"><a href="guide/module-types">Types of Feature Modules</a>.</p></li><li><p translation-result="on"><a href="https://web.dev/route-level-code-splitting-in-angular/">Angular 中的路由级代码拆分</a></p><p translation-origin="off"><a href="https://web.dev/route-level-code-splitting-in-angular/">Route-level code-splitting in Angular</a></p></li><li><p translation-result="on"><a href="https://web.dev/route-preloading-in-angular/">Angular 中的路由预加载策略</a></p><p translation-origin="off"><a href="https://web.dev/route-preloading-in-angular/">Route preloading strategies in Angular</a></p></li></ul></div></div></aio-doc-viewer></main></mat-sidenav-content></mat-sidenav-container><div class="toc-container no-print ng-star-inserted"><aio-lazy-ce selector="aio-toc"><aio-toc ng-version="9.0.0-rc.11"><div class="toc-inner no-print collapsed ng-star-inserted"><ul class="toc-list"><li class="h1 ng-star-inserted active" title="惰性加载的特性模块"><a href="guide/lazy-loading-ngmodules#lazy-loading-feature-modules">惰性加载的特性模块</a></li><li class="h2 ng-star-inserted" title="高层视角"><a href="guide/lazy-loading-ngmodules#high-level-view">高层视角</a></li><li class="h2 ng-star-inserted" title="建立应用"><a href="guide/lazy-loading-ngmodules#set-up-an-app">建立应用</a></li><li class="h2 ng-star-inserted" title="创建一个带路由的特性模块"><a href="guide/lazy-loading-ngmodules#create-a-feature-module-with-routing">创建一个带路由的特性模块</a></li><li class="h3 ng-star-inserted" title="添加另一个特性模块"><a href="guide/lazy-loading-ngmodules#add-another-feature-module">添加另一个特性模块</a></li><li class="h2 ng-star-inserted" title="建立 UI"><a href="guide/lazy-loading-ngmodules#set-up-the-ui">建立 UI</a></li><li class="h2 ng-star-inserted" title="导入与路由配置"><a href="guide/lazy-loading-ngmodules#imports-and-route-configuration">导入与路由配置</a></li><li class="h3 ng-star-inserted" title="特性模块内部"><a href="guide/lazy-loading-ngmodules#inside-the-feature-module">特性模块内部</a></li><li class="h2 ng-star-inserted" title="确认它工作正常"><a href="guide/lazy-loading-ngmodules#confirm-its-working">确认它工作正常</a></li><li class="h2 ng-star-inserted" title="forRoot() 与 forChild()"><a href="guide/lazy-loading-ngmodules#forroot-and-forchild"><code>forRoot()</code> 与 <code>forChild()</code></a></li><li class="h2 ng-star-inserted" title="更多关于 NgModule 和路由的知识"><a href="guide/lazy-loading-ngmodules#more-on-ngmodules-and-routing">更多关于 NgModule 和路由的知识</a></li></ul></div></aio-toc></aio-lazy-ce></div><footer class="no-print"><aio-footer><div class="grid-fluid"><div class="footer-block ng-star-inserted"><h3>资源</h3><ul><li class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="link" href="about" title="Angular 贡献者。">关于</a></li><li class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="link" href="resources" title="网络上的 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